Human development Description, Rate, Growth, & Puberty

Each chapter follows a similar structure, starting with clear objectives, then an in-depth exploration of key theories and research findings, and ending with applied examples and additional resources. This consistency helps students develop a strong sense of what to expect from each chapter. It allows them to focus on learning the material rather than trying to navigate a constantly changing format.The consistency extends beyond the chapter structure to how developmental theories and research are presented.

The content and information that is provided is correct and accurate, but this text can certainly benefit from having the latest research added. It does, however, include a great many topics that serve to inform students well. From the very beginning of this book, the author has given the reader a very clear message that does not overwhelm but pulls the reader in for more information. The very first chapter sets a tone for what is to come and entices the reader to learn more. Well organized and jargon appropriate for students in a Developmental Psychology class. This text provides an excellent summary of classic and updated developmental work.

The head circumference reaches closer to adult size by 6 years of age. The prepubertal height velocity of less than 4 cm per year is of concern. During puberty, the height velocity is 10 to 12 cm per year in boys and 8 to 10 cm per year in girls. The prepubertal weight velocity of less than 1 kg per year is of concern. Weight velocity is highest during puberty, up to 8 kg per year.

Moreover the factors that influence changes over time (both historical and sociological) gets minimized. The famous saying ‘the childhood shows the man, as morning shows the day’ explains this principle of development. Any maladjustment in a person could be traced to unfavourable child experiences. Appropriate childhood family structure, enhanced environmental stimulation, well balanced emotional state, ideal child rearing practices are some of the conditions that affect early development positively and thereby better adulthood. The process of development starts at the time of conception and proceeds either at a slower or at a rapid rate till the organism matures.

Nature and Nurture

Growth refers to quantitative and indicative changes, whereas development involves qualitative and non-indicative changes. In total these changes happen in body size, proportion, disappearance of old features and acquisition of new features. Thus,developmental deviation is defined by development or behavior that is atypicalat any age. Once the developmental history has been completed, aneurodevelopmental examination, which includes a traditional neurologicexamination and an extended developmental evaluation, is performed.

infancy and toddlerhood

Including references to specific studies could further strengthen this section, and, more broadly, additional specific examples grounded in research could help to fortify similar sections focused on cultural differences. This text includes some cultural examples across each area of development, such as differences in first words, parenting styles, personalities, and attachments styles (to list a few). The photos included throughout the text are inclusive of various family styles, races, and ethnicities. This text could implement more cultural components, but does include some cultural examples.

The Nature And Nurture Theories Of Aggression

It is the gradual process of change and differentiation from a simple to a more advanced level of complexity. � Identify skill levels thatindicate that a child�s development is atypical � either advanced or delayed �in comparison to the average child of the same age. � Influence of the parents -Often it is easy to see similarities between a child�s personality and one orboth of her parents� personalities. In this situation, it would seem that thechild’s personality has developed largely from the influence of theparents. Characteristics and differences that are notobservable at birth, but which emerge later in life, are regarded as theproduct of maturation. That is to say we all have an inner �biological clock�which switches on (or off) types of behavior in a pre programmed way.

• The two theories in thisdebate are the Nativist (Nature/Innate) and the Empiricist (Nurture/Learned)theories.
• Environmental conditions account for about 60% of the variability of birth weight and genetic factors for the remaining 40% (Polani 1974).
• All the same, let us briefly discuss too eruption as an indicator of measuring growth.

The relationship between individuals and those around them need to be considered. For example, to appreciate what is going on with a student in math, the relationship between the student and teacher should be known. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems model explains the direct and indirect influences on an individual’s development. Sometimes, particularly when we do not know what else to do, we learn by modeling or copying the behavior of others. A kindergartner on his or her first day of school might eagerly look at how others are acting and try to act the same way to fit in more quickly. They were operantly conditioned, but we engage in the behavior because we hope it will pay off for us as well.

Milestones at 6 Months

Are features such as height, weight, personality, being diabetic, etc. the result of heredity or environmental factors-or both? For decades, scholars have carried on the “nature/nurture” debate. For any particular feature, those on the side of Nature would argue that heredity plays the most important role in bringing about that feature. Those on the side of Nurture would argue that one’s environment is most significant in shaping the way we are.

2 THE IMPORTANCE OF ANTENATAL CARE, PERINATAL CARE AND POSTNATAL CARE.

• More abstract understanding of religious ideas or morals or ethics and abstract principles such as freedom and dignity can be considered.
• Though the text is not as interactive (e.g., further reading suggestions, list of references, discussion points at the end of each chapter, etc.), this is a great resource to cover development that is open access.
• Sore nipples result from the baby sucking the nipple instead of sucking the areola, the darker part of the breast.
• Hence it is not ideal to expect any two children of same age to develop or behave in a similar way.
• So think of learning about human development as a lifelong endeavour.

The major advantage of the experimental design is that of helping to establish cause and effect relationships. A disadvantage of this design is the difficulty of translating much of what happens in a laboratory setting into real life. Experiments are designed to test hypotheses (or specific statements about the relationship between variables) in a controlled setting in efforts to explain how certain factors or events produce outcomes. List 3 measures you can use at your health facility to determine whether a child is growing. Prevention of mastitis and breast abscess is by correct attachment of the baby to the breast and proper hygiene.

Milestones at 3 Years

Different attitudes about the use of technology, for example, might not be altered by a person’s biological age as much as their life experiences as members of a cohort. If obstructed labour is not treated, the mother will get infection. The baby usually dies, and sometimes the mother will die too. Perinatal care is the health service given to a mother and her baby during labour. Labour is defined as the period from the time painful uterine contractions start until the baby, the placenta and the membranes are completely expelled from the uterus and bleeding is controlled. The past obstetric history gives you information about past pregnancies and deliveries and any difficulties a mother has experienced.

Terms are explained and are embedded in the text, not in a glossary. Terminology is highlighted with bold fonts to accentuate definitions. The formatting of the book makes it reader friendly and easy to follow the content. The Chapters include relevant information about current topics, introduction of growth and development resources and pictures representing the diverse backgrounds of children and families that are in our classrooms and communities. Throughout the text an effort is clearly made to limit educational jargon and keep the language accessible to all readers.